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board level
Microsoldering is the physical skill behind component-level repair: removing and installing fine-pitch ICs, connectors, and passive components without damaging surrounding circuitry.
It is performed under magnification, using controlled heat profiles appropriate to the board and component in question, and is a prerequisite for most of the repairs described throughout this site.
Board-level repair means diagnosing and repairing a failure directly on the printed circuit board rather than replacing an entire assembly, part, or device. It requires tracing a fault back to the specific circuit responsible for it.
Component-level repair goes further than board-level work by identifying the individual failed component, such as an IC, capacitor, or connector, and replacing only that part rather than the entire board.
A motherboard with no power, no display, or no boot is evaluated through board-level diagnostics before any repair-or-replace decision is made. Many "dead" motherboards have an isolated, repairable fault.
Liquid-damaged boards are evaluated for corrosion, shorted circuits, and component damage. Repairability depends on the extent of the damage and how long it has been present, which is why prompt evaluation matters.